๐Ÿ“šOGENKI
grammar

Basic Verb Conjugation

ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆดป็”จ

Japanese verbs conjugate to express tense and politeness. Unlike English, verbs don't change based on the subject โ€” 'I eat' and 'she eats' use the same form. Learn the three verb groups and master the polite ใพใ™ form!

Dictionary Form โ†’ ใพใ™ Form

Converting casual verbs to polite verbs

Formation: [Verb stem] + ใพใ™

The ใพใ™ form is polite present/future โ€” use it in most situations

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Group 1 (ใ†-verbs)

Verbs ending in ใ†, ใ, ใ™, ใค, ใฌ, ใถ, ใ‚€, ใ‚‹ sounds

Formation: Change final ใ†-sound to ใ„-sound + ใพใ™

ๆ›ธใโ†’ๆ›ธใใพใ™, ่ฉฑใ™โ†’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™, ่ชญใ‚€โ†’่ชญใฟใพใ™

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Group 2 (ใ‚‹-verbs)

Verbs ending in ใˆใ‚‹ or ใ„ใ‚‹

Formation: Drop ใ‚‹, add ใพใ™

The easiest group โ€” just remove ใ‚‹ and add your ending

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Group 3 (Irregular)

Only two verbs: ใ™ใ‚‹ (do) and ๆฅใ‚‹ (come)

Formation: ใ™ใ‚‹ โ†’ ใ—ใพใ™, ๆฅใ‚‹ โ†’ ๆฅใพใ™

Memorize these โ€” they're extremely common

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ใพใ›ใ‚“ (Negative)

Polite negative: 'don't do'

Formation: ใพใ™ โ†’ ใพใ›ใ‚“

้ฃŸในใพใ™ โ†’ ้ฃŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ (don't eat)

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ใพใ—ใŸ (Past)

Polite past: 'did'

Formation: ใพใ™ โ†’ ใพใ—ใŸ

้ฃŸในใพใ™ โ†’ ้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸ (ate)

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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ (Past Negative)

Polite past negative: 'didn't do'

Formation: ใพใ™ โ†’ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ

้ฃŸในใพใ™ โ†’ ้ฃŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ (didn't eat)

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