Basic Verb Conjugation
ๅ่ฉใฎๆดป็จ
Japanese verbs conjugate to express tense and politeness. Unlike English, verbs don't change based on the subject โ 'I eat' and 'she eats' use the same form. Learn the three verb groups and master the polite ใพใ form!
Dictionary Form โ ใพใ Form
Converting casual verbs to polite verbs
Formation: [Verb stem] + ใพใ
The ใพใ form is polite present/future โ use it in most situations
ๆฏๆใณใผใใผใ้ฃฒใฟใพใใ
Group 1 (ใ-verbs)
Verbs ending in ใ, ใ, ใ, ใค, ใฌ, ใถ, ใ, ใ sounds
Formation: Change final ใ-sound to ใ-sound + ใพใ
ๆธใโๆธใใพใ, ่ฉฑใโ่ฉฑใใพใ, ่ชญใโ่ชญใฟใพใ
ๆ็ดใๆธใใพใใ
ๆฅๆฌ่ชใ่ฉฑใใพใใ
Group 2 (ใ-verbs)
Verbs ending in ใใ or ใใ
Formation: Drop ใ, add ใพใ
The easiest group โ just remove ใ and add your ending
ๆใ้ฃฏใ้ฃในใพใใ
ๆ ็ปใ่ฆใพใใ
Group 3 (Irregular)
Only two verbs: ใใ (do) and ๆฅใ (come)
Formation: ใใ โ ใใพใ, ๆฅใ โ ๆฅใพใ
Memorize these โ they're extremely common
ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใพใใ
ๅ้ใๆฅใพใใ
ใพใใ (Negative)
Polite negative: 'don't do'
Formation: ใพใ โ ใพใใ
้ฃในใพใ โ ้ฃในใพใใ (don't eat)
่ใฏ้ฃในใพใใใ
ใพใใ (Past)
Polite past: 'did'
Formation: ใพใ โ ใพใใ
้ฃในใพใ โ ้ฃในใพใใ (ate)
ๆจๆฅๅฏฟๅธใ้ฃในใพใใใ
ใพใใใงใใ (Past Negative)
Polite past negative: 'didn't do'
Formation: ใพใ โ ใพใใใงใใ
้ฃในใพใ โ ้ฃในใพใใใงใใ (didn't eat)
ใ้ ใฏ้ฃฒใฟใพใใใงใใใ